Simultaneous contrast is with any given color, the eye requires it's complementary color, if not present it generates it spontaneously. In the example shown you can see within each block of color the neutral gray square takes on a slight cast of it's complent. Example: Yellow's gray box looks like it has a tinge of violet.
At first this seemed like nothing more than a card trick that seemed somewhat inconsequential, until I read this example. A manager of a weaving mill had hundreds of yards of silk that wouldn't sell. The silk was red with a black stripe. It wasn't selling because the black stripe took on a green tinge. It was so pronounced that people swore it was green yarn used, not black.
There are different ways of neutralizing this effect through including other colors of unlike brilliance, or tinting the effected color to neutralize the simultaneous effect.
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